Effectiveness of the National Health Insurance (JKN) Policy in Improving Access and Quality of Health Services: A Literature Study
Keywords:
National Health Insurance (JKN), Universal Health Coverage (UHC), Healthcare Access, Quality of Care, Strategic PurchasingAbstract
The transformation of Indonesia’s health financing through the National Health Insurance (JKN) aims to expand access while improving service quality within the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) framework. This study analyzes the effectiveness of JKN in enhancing healthcare access and quality through a literature review of recent studies published between 2020 and 2025. The review applies a structured synthesis of empirical research focusing on access, financial protection, strategic purchasing, and digital health innovation. Findings indicate that JKN has significantly increased healthcare utilization, particularly in primary care, and contributed to broader UHC achievement. However, disparities persist in preventive service utilization across demographic and geographic groups, suggesting that administrative coverage does not automatically translate into equitable effective access. Performance-Based Capitation (KBK) has strengthened strategic purchasing and service orientation toward quality, yet its impact depends on infrastructure readiness, human resource capacity, and monitoring systems. Digital transformation through Mobile JKN enhances administrative efficiency and patient satisfaction, but improvements in clinical quality require integration with facility-level preparedness. Overall, JKN demonstrates measurable progress, yet strengthening equity, quality assurance, and financial sustainability remains essential to ensure that expanded access consistently leads to high-quality healthcare outcomes.
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