Decoding Educational Excellence: Tinjauan Sistematis Faktor Keberhasilan Pendidikan di Negara-Negara OECD.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65943/ehpksg97Keywords:
keunggulan pendidikan; faktor keberhasilan; negara OECD; tinjauan sistematis; kualitas pendidikan; kebijakan pendidikan komparatif.Abstract
Negara-negara anggota OECD menunjukkan variasi signifikan dalam capaian pendidikan sebagaimana tercermin dalam skor PISA, tingkat kelulusan, dan indikator pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Tujuan Penelitian: Tinjauan sistematis ini mengidentifikasi dan mensintesis faktor-faktor keberhasilan yang secara konsisten terkait dengan keunggulan pendidikan di negara-negara OECD selama dua dekade terakhir. Metode: Sebanyak 87 artikel penelitian dari tahun 2000 hingga 2023 dianalisis menggunakan kerangka PRISMA, mencakup basis data ERIC, Scopus, dan Web of Science. Penilaian kualitas dilakukan menggunakan Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Hasil: Lima kluster faktor utama teridentifikasi: (1) kualitas dan status guru, (2) desain kurikulum berbasis kompetensi, (3) otonomi sekolah dengan akuntabilitas, (4) dukungan keluarga dan konteks sosial-ekonomi, serta (5) integrasi teknologi pembelajaran. Finlandia, Singapura, Estonia, dan Kanada secara konsisten muncul sebagai model referensi dengan karakteristik koherensi sistem yang kuat. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat formula tunggal untuk keunggulan pendidikan; keberhasilan bergantung pada koherensi antara kebijakan, praktik, dan konteks budaya lokal. Implikasi bagi negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia dibahas secara komprehensif.
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